Lubricants:
An Introduction
Engines, transmissions and other components contain hundreds of moving parts. Though the metal surfaces of these parts
look very smooth, they are actually filled with microscopic peaks and valleys. When a peak on one surface touches its mating
surface, it causes damage. The damage may be abrasive, like scratching, or adhesive, in which a portion of one surface sticks
to its mating surface, leaving a pit in the original and a lump on the second. When the damage caused by contact is severe, it
causes failure, which is usually a sudden event. When it is mild, it causes wear, a long-term event. Wear cannot be eliminated
altogether, but it can be slowed through proper lubrication. Failure prevention and wear reduction are the primary functions of
lubrication.
Wear reduction – Lubricants inhibit friction and wear by providing a film that physically separates surfaces so that when
they move, their peaks knife through the lubricant rather than touch their mating surface. The lubricant’s viscosity, technically its
resistance to flow, and often thought of as its ‘thickness’,provides the lubricant’s ability to separate surfaces. Viscosity is the
single most important characteristic of a lubricant.
Cooling – Most lubricants also cool the components they serve.
For example, the crankshaft,main and connecting rod bearings, camshaft, camshaft bearings, timing gears, pistons and lower
engine components depend on motor oil for cooling. Lubricants pick up heat from components and carry it to an area, such as
the engine’s crankcase,where the heat transfers to the surrounding air.
Other – Lubricants also seal, clean and perform other functions.
Conventional vs. Synthetic Lubricants
Conventional lubricants are refined from crude oil. Refining is a process of physically separating light from heavy oil fractions.
Crude oil is a natural substance. It contains millions of different kinds of molecules. Many are similar in weight but dissimilar in
structure. Because refining separates products by weight, it groups molecules of similar weight and dissimilar structure, so
refined lubricants contain a wide assortment of molecules.
However, not all of those molecules are beneficial to the lubrication process. Some of the molecules found in refined lubricants
are detrimental to the lubricated system or to the lubricant itself. For example, paraffin, a common refined lubricant component,
causes refined lubricants to thicken and flow poorly in cold temperatures. Some refined lubricant molecules also may contain
sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen, which act as contaminants
and invite the formation of sludge and other by-products of
lubricant breakdown.
Synthetic lubricants are not refined. They are chemically
engineered from pure chemicals.
Pure – Because they are derived from pure chemicals, synthetic lubricants contain no contaminants or molecules that “don’t
pull their own weight.”
Uniform – Because synthetics contain only smooth lubricating molecules, they slip easily across one another. On the other
hand, the potpourri of jagged, irregular and odd-shaped molecules of refined lubricants don’t slip quite so easily. The ease with
which lubricant molecules slip over one another affects the lube’s ability to reduce friction, which in turn, affects wear control,
heat control and fuel efficiency. Synthetics are superior. Uniformity also helps synthetics resist thinning in heat and thickening in
cold, which helps them protect better over a system’s operating temperature range and helps synthetic lubes provide better
seals than conventional lubes.
Designable – Synthetic lubricants may be made to fulfill
virtually every lubricating need.
Does Conventional Oil Offer
Any Advantage?
Petroleum oils have met our lubrication needs for more than a hundred years. They provide adequate lubrication and protection
in many applications and they usually cost less to purchase than synthetics. However, because synthetic lubricants may be
used for longer drain intervals than conventional lubes, and components lubricated with synthetics tend to require fewer repairs
than those lubricated with conventional lubes, people who use synthetics often end up spending less on lubrication and vehicle
maintenance than those who use conventional lubricants. The savings to industrial and commercial users are well-documented
by AMSOIL and others.
A Note About AMSOIL
Research and Development – As the first company to develop and market a synthetic motor oil to pass an American Petroleum
Institute performance rating in 1972, AMSOIL has a long and proud history of synthetic lubricant development. The company’s
dedication to synthetic lubricant research and development is unparalleled.
Raw materials – AMSOIL selects materials on their ABILITY to PERFORM, Not on Price. The materials in AMSOIL synthetic
lubricants are the highest quality available. Because they are derived from pure chemicals, synthetic lubricants contain no
contaminants or molecules that “don’t pull their own weight.”
Manufacturing quality control – AMSOIL quarantines raw materials before accepting them for use in manufacturing to assure
they are contaminant-free and their quality is as high as it should be. AMSOIL also tests finished products to assure they meet
our strict performance standards. If they do, they are packaged and prepared for distribution. AMSOIL has earned a reputation in
the lubricants industry for manufacturing to more rigorous standards than other lubricants manufacturers, which means AMSOIL
products are highly consistent and are extremely high quality.
Filters: An Introduction
The fluids (including air) that enter the engine often contain wear-promoting contaminants, including abrasive particles and
water. Filters inhibit the circulation of contaminants, which significantly enhances engine life. AMSOIL manufactures engine air
filters and oil filters that have been proven in millions of miles of on-road use and in standard laboratory test procedures to
reduce the rate of engine wear. Because their filtration efficiency is superior to conventional filters, AMSOIL filters enhance the
long-drain capability and other performance characteristics of AMSOIL synthetic motor oils. Synthetic lubricants and high-tech
filters are, respectively, the best-selling product lines.
AMSOIL covers the entire filtration spectrum. The company is the first to provide to the automotive and work truck markets the
same synthetic nanofiber technology that has been used exclusively in heavy-duty applications, including the US ARMY
Abrams M1 tank. Nanofiber generally refers to a fiber with a diameter less than one micron.
AMSOIL Ea Air Filters incorporate a specially constructed cellulose media with exclusive synthetic nanofibers applied to the
surface. Airborne contaminants and submicron particles are trapped on the nanofiber surface, preventing them from lodging
further down inside the filter media.
EaA filters remove five times more contaminant than traditional cellulose filter media alone and 50 times more contaminant than
wet gauze filter media. AMSOIL EaA filters hold up to five times more contaminants than cellulose air filters and allow twice the
air-flow of filters that use cellulose. EaA filters have a service life of 100,000 miles or four years, whichever comes first.
AMSOIL Ea Oil Filters are made with premium-grade full synthetic media. EaO filters have an efficiency rating of 98.7 percent at
15 microns, in accordance with the most stringent industry standard. Conventional cellulose media filters range from 40 percent
to 80 percent efficiency. EaO filter nanofibers trap smaller particles and hold more contaminants than conventional cellulose
media filters, resulting in lower restriction. In cold temperature warm-up periods, an EaO lube filter allows the oil to more easily
flow through the filter than a typical cellulose filter. Lower restriction decreases engine wear. EaO filters also have a far greater
capacity than competing filter lines. Used in conjunction with AMSOIL synthetic motor oils in normal service, EaO filters are
guaranteed to remain effective for 25,000 miles, or one year, whichever comes first.
An Introduction
Engines, transmissions and other components contain hundreds of moving parts. Though the metal surfaces of these parts
look very smooth, they are actually filled with microscopic peaks and valleys. When a peak on one surface touches its mating
surface, it causes damage. The damage may be abrasive, like scratching, or adhesive, in which a portion of one surface sticks
to its mating surface, leaving a pit in the original and a lump on the second. When the damage caused by contact is severe, it
causes failure, which is usually a sudden event. When it is mild, it causes wear, a long-term event. Wear cannot be eliminated
altogether, but it can be slowed through proper lubrication. Failure prevention and wear reduction are the primary functions of
lubrication.
Wear reduction – Lubricants inhibit friction and wear by providing a film that physically separates surfaces so that when
they move, their peaks knife through the lubricant rather than touch their mating surface. The lubricant’s viscosity, technically its
resistance to flow, and often thought of as its ‘thickness’,provides the lubricant’s ability to separate surfaces. Viscosity is the
single most important characteristic of a lubricant.
Cooling – Most lubricants also cool the components they serve.
For example, the crankshaft,main and connecting rod bearings, camshaft, camshaft bearings, timing gears, pistons and lower
engine components depend on motor oil for cooling. Lubricants pick up heat from components and carry it to an area, such as
the engine’s crankcase,where the heat transfers to the surrounding air.
Other – Lubricants also seal, clean and perform other functions.
Conventional vs. Synthetic Lubricants
Conventional lubricants are refined from crude oil. Refining is a process of physically separating light from heavy oil fractions.
Crude oil is a natural substance. It contains millions of different kinds of molecules. Many are similar in weight but dissimilar in
structure. Because refining separates products by weight, it groups molecules of similar weight and dissimilar structure, so
refined lubricants contain a wide assortment of molecules.
However, not all of those molecules are beneficial to the lubrication process. Some of the molecules found in refined lubricants
are detrimental to the lubricated system or to the lubricant itself. For example, paraffin, a common refined lubricant component,
causes refined lubricants to thicken and flow poorly in cold temperatures. Some refined lubricant molecules also may contain
sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen, which act as contaminants
and invite the formation of sludge and other by-products of
lubricant breakdown.
Synthetic lubricants are not refined. They are chemically
engineered from pure chemicals.
Pure – Because they are derived from pure chemicals, synthetic lubricants contain no contaminants or molecules that “don’t
pull their own weight.”
Uniform – Because synthetics contain only smooth lubricating molecules, they slip easily across one another. On the other
hand, the potpourri of jagged, irregular and odd-shaped molecules of refined lubricants don’t slip quite so easily. The ease with
which lubricant molecules slip over one another affects the lube’s ability to reduce friction, which in turn, affects wear control,
heat control and fuel efficiency. Synthetics are superior. Uniformity also helps synthetics resist thinning in heat and thickening in
cold, which helps them protect better over a system’s operating temperature range and helps synthetic lubes provide better
seals than conventional lubes.
Designable – Synthetic lubricants may be made to fulfill
virtually every lubricating need.
Does Conventional Oil Offer
Any Advantage?
Petroleum oils have met our lubrication needs for more than a hundred years. They provide adequate lubrication and protection
in many applications and they usually cost less to purchase than synthetics. However, because synthetic lubricants may be
used for longer drain intervals than conventional lubes, and components lubricated with synthetics tend to require fewer repairs
than those lubricated with conventional lubes, people who use synthetics often end up spending less on lubrication and vehicle
maintenance than those who use conventional lubricants. The savings to industrial and commercial users are well-documented
by AMSOIL and others.
A Note About AMSOIL
Research and Development – As the first company to develop and market a synthetic motor oil to pass an American Petroleum
Institute performance rating in 1972, AMSOIL has a long and proud history of synthetic lubricant development. The company’s
dedication to synthetic lubricant research and development is unparalleled.
Raw materials – AMSOIL selects materials on their ABILITY to PERFORM, Not on Price. The materials in AMSOIL synthetic
lubricants are the highest quality available. Because they are derived from pure chemicals, synthetic lubricants contain no
contaminants or molecules that “don’t pull their own weight.”
Manufacturing quality control – AMSOIL quarantines raw materials before accepting them for use in manufacturing to assure
they are contaminant-free and their quality is as high as it should be. AMSOIL also tests finished products to assure they meet
our strict performance standards. If they do, they are packaged and prepared for distribution. AMSOIL has earned a reputation in
the lubricants industry for manufacturing to more rigorous standards than other lubricants manufacturers, which means AMSOIL
products are highly consistent and are extremely high quality.
Filters: An Introduction
The fluids (including air) that enter the engine often contain wear-promoting contaminants, including abrasive particles and
water. Filters inhibit the circulation of contaminants, which significantly enhances engine life. AMSOIL manufactures engine air
filters and oil filters that have been proven in millions of miles of on-road use and in standard laboratory test procedures to
reduce the rate of engine wear. Because their filtration efficiency is superior to conventional filters, AMSOIL filters enhance the
long-drain capability and other performance characteristics of AMSOIL synthetic motor oils. Synthetic lubricants and high-tech
filters are, respectively, the best-selling product lines.
AMSOIL covers the entire filtration spectrum. The company is the first to provide to the automotive and work truck markets the
same synthetic nanofiber technology that has been used exclusively in heavy-duty applications, including the US ARMY
Abrams M1 tank. Nanofiber generally refers to a fiber with a diameter less than one micron.
AMSOIL Ea Air Filters incorporate a specially constructed cellulose media with exclusive synthetic nanofibers applied to the
surface. Airborne contaminants and submicron particles are trapped on the nanofiber surface, preventing them from lodging
further down inside the filter media.
EaA filters remove five times more contaminant than traditional cellulose filter media alone and 50 times more contaminant than
wet gauze filter media. AMSOIL EaA filters hold up to five times more contaminants than cellulose air filters and allow twice the
air-flow of filters that use cellulose. EaA filters have a service life of 100,000 miles or four years, whichever comes first.
AMSOIL Ea Oil Filters are made with premium-grade full synthetic media. EaO filters have an efficiency rating of 98.7 percent at
15 microns, in accordance with the most stringent industry standard. Conventional cellulose media filters range from 40 percent
to 80 percent efficiency. EaO filter nanofibers trap smaller particles and hold more contaminants than conventional cellulose
media filters, resulting in lower restriction. In cold temperature warm-up periods, an EaO lube filter allows the oil to more easily
flow through the filter than a typical cellulose filter. Lower restriction decreases engine wear. EaO filters also have a far greater
capacity than competing filter lines. Used in conjunction with AMSOIL synthetic motor oils in normal service, EaO filters are
guaranteed to remain effective for 25,000 miles, or one year, whichever comes first.
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